![]() We’ll start by getting the filenames of our example paired-end fastq files. We now go through the pipeline on a highly simplified dataset of just one paired-end sample (we’ll add a second later). This table is analogous to the traditional OTU table, except at higher resolution, i.e exact amplicon sequence variants rather than (usually 97%) clusters of sequencing reads. The output of the dada2 pipeline is a feature table of amplicon sequence variants (an ASV table): A matrix with rows corresponding to samples and columns to ASVs, in which the value of each entry is the number of times that ASV was observed in that sample. ![]() Make sequence table: makeSequenceTable().Once demultiplexed fastq files without non-biological nucleotides are in hand, the dada2 pipeline proceeds as follows: This may require pre-processing with outside software if, as is relatively common, your PCR primers were included in the sequenced amplicon region. In addition, dada2 expects that there are no non-biological bases in the sequencing data. Demultiplexing is often performed at the sequencing center, but if that has not been done there are a variety of tools do accomplish this, including the popular QIIME python scripts split_libraries_fastq.py followed by split_sequence_file_on_sample_ids.py, and the utility idemp, among others. That is, dada2 expects there to be an individual fastq file for each sample (or two fastq files, one forward and one reverse, for each sample). The starting point for the dada2 pipeline is a set of demultiplexed fastq files corresponding to the samples in your amplicon sequencing study. Another recent paper describes how replacing OTUs with ASVs improves the precision, comprehensiveness and reproducibility of marker-gene data analysys. DADA2 replaces the traditional “OTU-picking” step in amplicon sequencing workflows, producing instead higher-resolution tables of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs).Īs seen in the paper introducing DADA2 and in further benchmarking, the DADA2 method is more sensitive and specific than traditional OTU methods: DADA2 detects real biological variation missed by OTU methods while outputting fewer spurious sequences. DADA2 implements a novel algorithm that models the errors introduced during amplicon sequencing, and uses that error model to infer the true sample composition. ![]() However, the process of amplicon sequencing introduces errors into the sequencing data, and these errors severely complicate the interpretation of the results. ![]() This technique removes the need to culture microbes in order to detect their presence, and cost-effectively provides a deep census of a microbial community. In amplicon sequencing a particular genetic locus, for example the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria, is amplified from DNA extracted from the community of interest, and then sequenced on a next-generation sequencing platform. The investigation of environmental microbial communities and microbiomes has been revolutionized by the development of high-throughput amplicon sequencing. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The machine has a built-in timer, can be powered using an AC or USB plug, and is available in either black or white. ![]() It features 10 fan sounds and 10 ambient noise variations, including pink, white, and brown noise (which is even deeper than pink noise), and includes volume control so you can set it at your desired level. With over 22,000 five-star reviews on Amazon, this retro-style sound machine is a popular pick for creating a soothing sleep environment. Doesn’t include any nature sleep sounds.Includes pink, white, and brown noise plus fan sounds.So, if you’re hoping to drown out distractions at bedtime, check out these highly rated white and/or pink noise machines available on Amazon. Additionally, some models can stream music via Bluetooth connection to your phone, and others can be used as an optional night light with adjustable brightness. Others boast convenient extras such as travel-friendly designs, alarm clocks, and timers. And if you love the feeling of a breeze while you sleep, some pink noise machines have built-in fans. In addition to providing relaxing pink noise to fall asleep to, these sound machines also provide other soothing sounds you can use while doing activities such as cleaning, reading, or meditating. In addition, sound machines differ in their power requirements: Some feature plug-in designs via AC adapter or USB while others run on a battery, making them more portable and able to be used in situations without electricity. Most pink noise machines offer both pink and white noise options and a variety of other sleep sounds, but some basic models are pink noise-only. While white noise includes all frequencies, pink noise turns down the higher frequency sounds and creates a lower pitch, which may be more soothing for some sleepers. They also have adjustable timers and feature extras such as fans and other sound options to help you catch some zzzs. If you find yourself in the latter category, the best pink noise machines for sleep will provide relaxing, lower-frequency sounds comparable to ocean waves, steady rain, or rustling leaves. Some people can fall asleep despite distractions, while others need a little ambient noise to drift off. ![]() ![]() At least the later builds of TTP 7 know not to attempt to optimize an SSD. It can't fix anything unlike Disk Utility. Status, TTP is fairly useless for disk issues anymore. I don't care what Disk Utility had, this drive was giving me major grief and TTP showed why: TTP will show you why a "good" drive should be replaced ASAP. Status of a drive is one of of the reasons to own TTP. It's the best tool for finding bad RAM and VRAM that I have ever used. Use the last build of TTP 7, of course (7.07?)-some of the early builds were weird. I have a 30 day return on the Mac so wanna make sure all is good.Īlso that new package of 32gb used ram that needs testing too.Īny other ideas of what I should look at?No, that's pretty much it. Mostly interested in memory and processor tests. Mikehalloran wrote:What do you plan to do in TTP? Also although it's easier to use, one sided razor blades are significantly thicker, it's easier to use the two sided ones for old fashioned razors in the sense that they cut through the glue a lot better, just watch cutting yourself. The main thing to remember I think when doing the razor blade method is to look at your old CPUs as guides three sides if I recall correctly are exactly the same glue and distance to the chip inside, but one side is closer. The nail polish idea also seems like a bad idea to me, you're putting heatsink paste on it when you instal it, and as far as I know nail polish isn't a high heat substance. You gotta figure these things can get up to 200✯, but a lighter can put out a lot hotter than that. I wouldn't use the fireplace lighter method he uses either, because you're more likely to go well beyond the limits heat wise of what the CPU can handle. I don't agree that it's safer, using an iron is going to be the safest, besides people in labs with heat plates that stay at a certain temperature. While this method seems much more prone to CPU destruction than the razor blade method, it is actually a much safer method and much less prone to pitfalls.Do have a lovely rubber mallet, but don't have a vise and cheapest I can find is $70.00. Pimp my Mac: MP 2009 Dual CPU upgrade experience OTOH This guy clarifies adding thermal pad etc in response to a question about avoiding CPU frying as described in that anandtech article:Īlso FWIW here's a couple more successful ones: ![]() This is certainly giving me some pause about installing un-delidded CPUs. Was glad to see it had a happy ending but a rather expensive one. HOLY COW that anandtech article is indeed a real horror story. Contacted him and he was up for meeting at a local coffee house to get the CPU's and then return them to me at the coffee house when done. Funny he lives in the next town over from me, about a 1/2 hr away. Seriously considering this after reading that anandtech article as well as some other failure stories. HCMarkus wrote:You can also pay this guy at Ebay to do it for you: You will love your new Mac's performance once you do the upgrade. Here is the original horror story:ĭon't forget to update EFI before using either method, or your new CPUs won't be recognized and your Mac won't boot. ![]() If you don't de-lid, you will need to use great care when fitting and tightening down the CPU heatsinks and add extra thermal padding to thicken the existing thermal pads. He also offers the necessary 3mm hex wrench, thermal paste, and firmware update in order to install these CPU's for one-stop shopping. $130 for a pair seems like a reasonable deal to me. He has a sure-fire approach and has done a whole bunch of de-lidding jobs. You can also pay this guy at Ebay to do it for you: Michael Canavan, who successfully de-lidded his Xeons, talks about it in detail in the Xeon thread. I haven't done either Emu, but there are proponents of both approaches with success stories. ![]() To de-lid or not to de-lid, that is the question. If any of you have done this would love to hear how it worked out for you. Mac Pro 2009 CPU upgrade 8 core Nehalem to 2010 12 core Westmere This guy makes it look scary, but it still works: Looks fiddly but I am patient and careful.Ģ009 8-Core Mac Pro Upgrade to 2010 12-Core So have been researching what it takes to install processors that still have the IHS still intact. However I am a little scared to de-lid my new (used) X5670's. I understand that the stock processors in that machine are de-lidded. After an eBay shopping spree the last couple of days, I've got a 2009 2.66ghz 8-core 16gb on the way. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Unload the filament, used when changing filament rolls.First, you have to import your model. Load filament by turning the extruder stepper motor for a set duration. Use with caution as it will overwrite the current configuration. Note: Stepper motors will be out of position after this command and all axes will need to be homed. Set the bed temperature, in degrees Celsius. Messages are strings that can contain letters, numbers and some punctuation. M18 Z E Disable the Z axis stepper and the extruder stepper.ĭisplay a message on the 3D printer display. Note: This command does not work for all 3D printers! Wait for user input, typically a button press. All coordinates are interpreted as logical coordinate space. Add a pause, in milliseconds to the sequence.Ībsolute positioning. (Useful for cleaning the nozzle before a print)ĭwell. Set the feedrate (speed) at which the motors move in mm/ minute.Įxtrude 25 mm of filament in a 50mm line. This will reveal every feature of Prusa Slicer so take care.Ī linear move between two points on the work surface. Click on Printer Settings and then click on Expert. Here is how to edit the G-Code in two of the most common slicers, Prusa Slicer and Cura. We can add an extra nozzle wipe before a print, pre-heat the bed to a custom temperature and tweak many other settings for the perfect print. G1 F1500 Set Feedrate (tool movement) to 1500 mm/minĪdding custom G-Code to your slicer provides control over every facet of your print process. M190 S60 Set the bed temperature to 60C and wait until it hits that temperature M117 Heating bed Prints the string to the LCD screen M117 Tom's Hardware Prints the string to the LCD screen Complete Code Listing Ender 2 Pro Example Control G-Code Once we have the process perfected, we can lower the nozzle and use it to perform bed-leveling in a semi-autonomous manner. Scroll down to Attach Card and press the dial. Press the control dial in to open the menu.Ģ0. Remove the card and insert it into the printer.ġ9. Save the code as Ender2-Pro-Test.gcode to a micro SD card.ġ8. Use command G28 to home all the axes, and then display a completion message (M117) on the LCD screen. Another repeat, this time to position 4, the back left bed adjustment wheel. Another repeat, this time to position 3, the back right bed adjustment wheel. This will move the nozzle so that it is above the front right bed adjustment wheel. Remember to swap M0 for G4 if your printer doesn’t support it. Repeat the same process of lifting the nozzle, moving to the next position, instruct the user, and wait for input. If it fails to work for you, replace it with G4 and use a long wait. Note, this command does not work on every 3D printer. Print an instruction to the user using M117. In this case the position is directly above the front left bed adjustment wheel. Use the G1 command to move the nozzle to a set X and Y position. We don’t want to crash the nozzle into the print bed as that would cause damage to the nozzle and bed. Lift the Z axis 8mm using command G1 so that the nozzle is clear of the print bed. G1 F1500 Set Feedrate (tool movement) to 1500 mm/minĩ. We can go higher, 3000mm / minute is possible, but start slow that way you have time to react to issues. This will ensure that the bed and hot end move at the same speed. Set the movement speed to 1500mm / minute. Home all the printer axes with command G28. M190 S60 Set the bed temperature to 60C and wait until it hits that temperatureħ. This command will stop the script from running while the bed reaches the required temperature. Use command M190 to heat the print bed to 60 degrees Celsius (S60). M117 Heating bed Prints the string to the LCD screenĦ. Use commands M117 to display a message, and G4 to pause the script long enough for the user to read it. Use command G4 (dwell) to pause the script for three seconds. M117 Tom's Hardware Prints the string to the LCD screenĤ. The string (message) is directly after issuing the command and requires no parameter. Use command M117 to show a message on the Ender 2 Pro’s LCD screen. This means that every movement is calculated from the same start point. Use command G90 to set absolute positioning. Open your text editor and create a comment line to explain the purpose of the code. ![]() ![]() ![]() Review Other Links section as each format has it’s own Encoder Options. The best way to compress a large video file into a smaller one is to use a specialized online video compressor like Kapwing. Once you are finished, click the Convert button and save your file to your desired folder.You may want to experiment to find the lowest acceptable frame rate of your video file. Lowering the frame rate of your video to 15 or 10 fps can reduce the file size by as much as 200% or 300%. ![]() The lower the Frame Rate, the smaller the File Size. Use the up and down arrow to adjust the frames per second. Check Limit Frame Rate under Video Output Options. Reduce Frame Rate to reduce video file size.Check the Constrain Proportions checkbox to avoid distortion. Enter a smaller width and height to achieve a smaller file size. Click Video Output Options tab under File Options and check the Resize Video checkbox. Resize Video Dimensions can also reduce the video file size.You can also select your desired Video Quality and Filesize. The lower the bitrate, the smaller the file size but the output quality will also be lowered. The bitrate affects the file size of your video output as well as its quality. Click File Options and click the down arrow beside Video Quality/Bitrate under MP4 Encoding Settings.Ĭhange the video Bitrates to a lower kbps value. Another way to reduce your Video File size is by reducing Video Quality/Bitrate.Note: The Output Format used in this tutorial is the same as the format of the original file. H.265 offers from 25% to 50% better data compression at the same level of video quality. VEED is the best online video compression software - simple, automatic, and compatible with all popular file formats. H265 is the successor to the widely used H.264. Bit rates savings of 50% or more compared to MPEG-2 Through this compression, you will be able to maintain the same video quality despite using only half of the storage space. H264 standard will compress your video file to up 50% size of MPEG-2. Select between H264 and H265 depending on your file size requirement. Click File Options and click the down arrow beside Video Compressor under MP4 Encoding Settings.You may also click ALT+A on your keyboard or drag and drop a file or folder into the File bin. Click Add File button on the Home tab toolbar to add a video.This converter cannot support encrypted or protected video files.If the file upload process takes a long time or is unresponsive or very slow, please try to cancel and resubmit.Before uploading, please make sure you agree to the terms of this website.The maximum upload file size is 200 MB.Please make sure the desired video size is not too small (compared to your original file), otherwise the compression may fail.For example, if you need a file of no more than 20 MB, you can enter 19 MB in the "Desired Video Size" value. If you need a file size that must be below a certain value, you can enter a value slightly lower than value as the "Desired Video Size" value.If the audio quality of original video is below this value, the original audio quality will be used. Audio quality can be 32kbps, 48kbps, 64kbps, 96kbps, 128kbps or No Sound (silent).The tool will prompt you if this value is less than 30% of source file size, and you can decide whether to continue. Desired video size is an approximation value, the file size of output video will be close to this value, it cannot be greater than the source file size.Once the upload is complete, the converter will redirect a web page to display the conversion results. Navigate to View after right-clicking on the window beside the Now playing button, then click Video Size to pop up the resize video option.Click the "Convert" button to start uploading your files.Enter a desired video size that you need.Select a video file (such as *.mp4, *.3gp, *.asf, *.avi, *.divx, *.m2ts, *.m4v, *.mkv, *.mov, *.mpeg, *.mts, *.rm, *.rmvb, *.vob, *.webm, *.wmv and more). On top of resizing, you can also use Flixier to compress the videos easily and make them easier to send over instant messaging apps.Adjust the frame size as you’d like in the sequence settings (or in the export). Right-click the clip and select Set to Frame Size. Create a sequence and drop your video onto your timeline. Import your desired video file or clip (s). After you select your video, the "Source Video Size" will show the size of the original file, the default value for the "Desired Video Size" option will be 20% smaller then the source file, and you can enter another value as you need, the file size is in MB. Here are the steps to follow: Open Premiere Pro. The tool supports various video files, such as MP4, AVI, M4V, MKV, MOV, WMV and more, it can create a smaller video and help you to save disk space and network bandwidth for easy storage, transfer and sharing. This free video compressor can help you compress your video files and reduce its file size. ![]() ![]() ![]() Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki Audiobook Synopsis Genre: Business & Economics – Personal Finance. ![]() Rich Dad Poor Dad Audiobook Mp3 Audiobook Details Enlightening about assets and liabilities, the book provides real-life examples and scenarios.Ī must-read for beginners. 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![]() ![]() ![]() If you are facing haters in a club or group, consider whether you can find another group that is not so negative. If you are dealing with especially malicious haters in one of your classes, ask if you can transfer to a different one.Instead of hanging around these sorts of people, look for ways to pursue these passions outside the scope of their negativity. When you're young, you will especially get a lot of hate from people who don't understand your interests and passions.Simply try to put yourself into situations that don't require you to interact with these haters. You should never let bullies rule your life. This does not mean that you should hide from anyone. If the person who hates you starts to physically or verbally assault you, it is best to get other people, especially an authority figure like a teacher or work supervisor, involved.Īvoid the haters. Remember that ignoring hate is not best in all circumstances.If your hater provokes you or tries to get your attention, do not respond in any way. If your hater is annoying you in class, pretend you can't hear him or her.In general, passive methods are better when dealing with bullies, while confrontation may be best to address other kinds of haters. Likewise, if a classmate says one nasty thing to you, then she isn't a bully. For example, your little brother can call you names without being a bully, since you're probably bigger and stronger than he is. Department of Health and Human Services providing information related to identifying and preventing bullying Go to source While all bullies are haters, not all haters are bullies. X Trustworthy Source Website run by the U.S. For someone to be a bully, their actions must be repetitive and there must be some type of power imbalance involved. This can spiral into a vicious circle where the hater insults you, you react, and the hater reacts to your reaction. Quite often, haters are trying to validate themselves by making you feel bad. Bullies often feed upon the thrill of provoking a reaction. If possible, don't even bother to engage with your haters. ![]() |
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